1. BCG IMMUNIZATION
Resistance to TB disease (tuberculosis) associated with the presence of tubercle bacili that live virus in the blood. That is why, in order to have active immunity, place the type of bacillus was harmless to the body, aka BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin).
As is known, Indonesia including the endemic countries tuberculosis (TB continuously throughout the year) and is one of the countries with the highest TB sufferers in the world. TB germs caused Mycrobacterium tuberculosis, and easily transmitted through droplets, ie water droplets in the air that carried out when the patient is coughing, sneezing or breathing. Symptoms include: difficulty increases a child's weight, it is difficult to eat, easily hurt, recurrent cough, fever and night sweats, persistent diarrhea as well. The incubation period lasts an average of TB between 8-12 weeks.
To diagnose children exposed to TB or not, X-ray tests are not necessary to know the spots, the Mantoux test to detect elevated levels of white blood cells, and blood tests to find out there is not interference-erythrocyte sedimentation rate. In fact, doctors need to conduct interviews to determine whether the child was or not, contact with TB patients.
If the child tested positive for TB, your doctor will prescribe specific antibiotics TB should be taken in the long run, a minimum of 6 months. Duration of treatment can not be shortened because the TB bacteria die and some quite difficult there are "sleeping". Therefore, prevention is better than cure. Besides avoiding contact with TB patient child, also increase the body resistance is one of them through the provision of BCG immunization.
2. HEPATITIS B IMMUNIZATION
More than 100 countries entered this vaccination in the national program. Moreover, Indonesia is one of the countries highly endemic hepatitis. If attacking a child, a disease caused by this virus is difficult to cure. When the birth has been infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), can cause abnormalities that brought continued into adulthood. Very possible cirrhosis or liver shrinkage (severe liver cell damage). Even worse can lead to liver cancer.
Many HBV entrance into the child's body. Potential through the birth canal. It could have been infected in the womb of the mother who suffered from hepatitis B or during the birth process. Another way through contact with patient blood, such as blood transfusions.
Can also through medical instruments that previously had been contaminated with the blood of patients with hepatitis B, such as non-sterile needles or equipment in the dental clinic. Even a toothbrush or a comb through hair that is used among members of the family.
Unfortunately, there is no typical symptoms are visible by naked eye. Even by the physician. Impaired liver function despite sometimes not having cirrhosis.
Not only that. Children also look healthy, good appetite, his weight climbed nicely too. The new disease is discovered after an examination of the blood. New symptoms seem so careful the patient is no longer able to maintain her metabolism.
Prevention efforts are the best step. If there is one family member is suspected contact with HBV, usually carried out screening for children to find out whether or not carrying the virus. Checks should be made although the child did not show any symptoms of illness. Additionally, immunization is an effective step to prevent the entry of HBV.
3. POLIO IMMUNIZATION
There are currently no effective treatment to eradicate polio. Diseases that can cause paralysis, caused by poliomyelitis virus is highly contagious. Transmission can be through food / drink contaminated polio virus.
Can also pass spray saliva / saliva polio survivors who go into the mouth of healthy people.
Polio viruses multiply in the throat and digestive tract or gut, and then enter the bloodstream and eventually into the spinal cord can lead to muscle paralysis of hands and feet. When the respiratory muscles, patients will have difficulty breathing and may die.
Virus incubation period between 6-10 days. After 2-5 days of fever, will generally experience a sudden paralysis in one limb. But not everyone is affected by the polio virus will result in paralysis, depending on the polio virus that attacks the ferocity and endurance of the child. Well, of polio immunization will confer immunity against polio virus attacks.
4. DTP IMMUNIZATION (Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis)
With DTP immunization, is expected to diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, far away from the child's body. Immunity appears immediately after being immunized.
5. Measles IMMUNIZATION
Actually, babies have got the measles immunity from their mother. But with age, the antibodies from the mother declined to take additional antibodies by measles vaccine. Moreover, measles contagious diseases, and those with poor immune systems is easily attacked by diseases caused by viruses of this Morbili. Fortunately, measles suffered only once in a lifetime. So, once exposed to measles, after which it usually will not hit again.
Measles transmission occurred through the air or saliva fine grains (droplet) of patients who inhaled through the nose or mouth. In the incubation period lasts about 10-12 days, symptoms are difficult to detect. Only then would appear flu-like symptoms (cough, runny nose, fever), eye redness and watery, the child felt dazzled when he saw the light. Then, next to the mouth of the white spots appear which will last 3-4 days. Some children also experience diarrhea.
One-two days later a high fever that go up and down, ranging from 38 to 40.5 ° C. Along with that, then get out the red patches that are characteristic of this disease. The size is not too large, but also not too small. Initially only appears in some parts of the body like ears, neck, chest, face, hands and feet. Within a week, the rash will meet the entire body. But when her endurance well, the rash is only in some parts of the body only and not a lot.
If the rash is out, generally the fever will go down by itself. Red spots would be turned into black and scaly, called hyperpigmentation. In the end spots will flake off or fall out or heal by itself. Generally, it takes up to 2 weeks until the child recovers completely from the remnants of measles. In this condition, it could still take medicine that has been given a doctor. Keep your stamina and consumption of nutritious foods. Treatment is symptomatic, which is based on treating the symptoms. Up to now, have not found a drug that effectively address the measles virus.
If not handled properly can be very dangerous measles. There could be complications, especially in severe measles. The characteristics of severe measles, in addition to patches all over his body, the symptoms did not improve after treatment 1-2 days. Complications that occur normally in the form of pneumonia (broncho pneumonia) and brain inflammation (encephalitis). This complication is generally the most frequent cause of death in children.
Post a Comment